The importance of food safety cannot be overstated, especially in today’s world where consumers are increasingly aware of the materials that come into contact with their food. Plastics play an important role in food packaging and storage, so it is important to understand the food grade of plastics. We are often concerned about the following issues:
Table of Contents
ToggleWhat is the definition of food grade?
Which plastics are food grade?
How to identify food-safe plastic?
What are the environmental impacts of using edible plastic?
How do I make sure the plastic I use is food safe?
Regarding the above issues, this article deeply explores the definition of food-grade plastics and determines which plastics are food safe.
What is Food Grade Plastic? The Definition Explained
Food grade plastic refers to plastic materials that are deemed safe for use in applications involving direct contact with food. These plastics must meet specific regulatory standards and certifications to ensure they do not contain harmful chemicals that could migrate into food and beverages, posing health risks to consumers.
Regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in the European Union set these standards. These organizations conduct rigorous testing to determine the suitability of materials for food contact. To be classified as food grade, plastics must pass tests that evaluate their chemical stability, potential for chemical migration, and overall safety when used under various conditions, including different temperatures and food types.
Food grade certification means that the plastic has been tested for and does not contain harmful substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and heavy metals, which are known to cause health issues. Additionally, food grade plastics must be free from contaminants and manufactured in facilities that adhere to strict cleanliness and quality control standards.
Understanding the food grade definition is crucial for consumers and manufacturers alike, as it ensures that the materials used in food packaging, storage, and preparation are safe and reliable. By choosing products made from food grade plastics, consumers can have confidence that their food is protected from contamination and adverse chemical reactions.
Common Types of Food Grade Plastics
Polyethylene (PE
Polyethylene is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. It comes in various forms, including low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). PE is known for its flexibility, durability, and resistance to moisture, making it ideal for products like plastic bags, bottles, and food storage containers. HDPE, in particular, is often used for milk jugs and juice bottles due to its strength and chemical resistance.
Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene is another popular food grade plastic known for its toughness and resistance to high temperatures. This makes it suitable for products that need to withstand heat, such as microwaveable containers, yogurt cups, and straws. PP is also used in the packaging of fresh produce and snack foods because it provides a good barrier against moisture and contaminants.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Polyethylene terephthalate, commonly known as PET, is a clear, strong, and lightweight plastic widely used for packaging beverages and foods. PET is particularly valued for its ability to preserve the freshness and flavor of products. It is often used for water bottles, soft drink bottles, and salad dressing containers. PET is also highly recyclable, making it a more environmentally friendly option.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
HDPE is a type of polyethylene known for its high strength-to-density ratio. It is commonly used for food storage containers, cutting boards, and food processing equipment due to its robustness and resistance to impact and chemicals. HDPE is also approved for food contact by the FDA and other regulatory bodies.
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate is a durable, transparent plastic often used for products that require a combination of clarity and strength. Common applications include baby bottles, reusable water bottles, and food storage containers. However, it’s important to note that some concerns have been raised about the safety of polycarbonate containing BPA, leading to the development of BPA-free alternatives.
Polystyrene (PS)
Polystyrene is a versatile plastic used in both rigid and foam forms. In its rigid form, PS is used for disposable cutlery, plates, and cups. In its foam form, known as expanded polystyrene (EPS), it is used for products like food trays, egg cartons, and take-out containers. While PS is popular for its low cost and insulating properties, it is not as easily recyclable as other food grade plastics.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
PTFE is renowned for its non-stick properties, high temperature resistance, and chemical inertness, making it ideal for non-stick cookware, seals, gaskets, and conveyor belts in food processing.
Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
PEEK is a high-performance plastic known for its strength, chemical resistance, and high temperature tolerance. It is used in demanding food industry applications such as food processing equipment, seals, valves, and sensor components.
What Plastic is Food Safe? Identifying Safe and Unsafe Plastics
- Chemical Stability: They do not react with food or beverages, preventing any chemical migration.
- Durability: They are strong enough to withstand various conditions, including freezing, heating, and exposure to oils and acids.
- Regulatory Approval: They meet the safety standards set by regulatory authorities such as the FDA or EFSA.
- Polyethylene (PE): Both low-density and high-density polyethylene are widely recognized as food-safe. HDPE is particularly noted for its strength and chemical resistance, making it ideal for milk jugs and food storage containers.
- Polypropylene (PP): Known for its heat resistance and toughness, PP is used in products like microwaveable containers and yogurt cups.
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): PET is highly valued for packaging beverages and foods due to its clarity, strength, and ability to preserve freshness.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): PTFE is known for its exceptional non-stick properties, high temperature resistance, and chemical inertness. It is used in non-stick cookware, seals, gaskets, and conveyor belts in food processing.
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): PVC contains harmful chemicals like phthalates, which can leach into food, especially fatty foods. It is generally not recommended for food contact.
- Low-Quality Polycarbonate (PC): Some older polycarbonate products may contain BPA, a chemical linked to health issues. It’s crucial to use BPA-free polycarbonate if choosing this type of plastic.
- Polystyrene (PS): While widely used, PS can release styrene, a potential carcinogen, especially when heated. Foam polystyrene products, such as disposable coffee cups and take-out containers, should be used with caution.
- Recycling Code #1 (PET or PETE): Indicates Polyethylene Terephthalate, which is food-safe and commonly used for beverage bottles.
- Recycling Code #2 (HDPE): Indicates High-Density Polyethylene, safe for food contact and used in milk jugs and juice bottles.
- Recycling Code #5 (PP): Indicates Polypropylene, used in containers that can withstand high temperatures, such as yogurt cups and microwaveable containers.
- Recycling Code #7 (Other): This category can include various plastics, some of which may be food-safe like certain BPA-free polycarbonates, but it requires careful examination to ensure safety.
Benefits of Using Food Grade Plastics
Applications of Food Grade Plastics
- Bottles: PET bottles are used for beverages such as water, soft drinks, and juices.
- Containers: HDPE and PP containers are popular for storing perishable foods like dairy products, deli items, and frozen foods.
- Films and Wraps: PE films and wraps help keep food fresh by providing a barrier against air and moisture.
- Cutting Boards: HDPE cutting boards are resistant to knife marks and easy to clean, making them a hygienic choice for food preparation.
- Utensils: PP is often used for utensils like spatulas and serving spoons because it can withstand high temperatures.
- Storage Solutions: Reusable PP and PE containers are popular for storing leftovers and meal prepping.
- Conveyor Belts: PE and PP are used for conveyor belts in food processing plants due to their strength and ease of cleaning.
- Mixing Bowls and Bins: HDPE is used for large mixing bowls and bins because of its durability and resistance to chemicals.
- Baby Bottles: BPA-free polycarbonate and PP are commonly used for babybottles and sippy cups.
- Food Storage Bags: PE bags are used for storing snacks, sandwiches, and other food items.